这真是国学吗
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 1.8em; font-family: 宋体;">日期:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 1.8em;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 1.8em; font-family: 宋体;">版次:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 1.8em;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 1.8em; font-family: 宋体;">版名:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 1.8em;">[</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 1.8em; font-family: 宋体;">大家</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 1.8em;">] </span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 1.8em; font-family: 宋体;">稿源:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 1.8em;">[</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 1.8em; font-family: 宋体;">南方都市报</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 1.8em;">] </span></p><p class="a" style="text-indent:24.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.8em; font-family: 宋体;">薛仁明,台湾作家、学者,著有《孔子随喜》《人间随喜》等。</span></p><p class="a" style="text-indent:24.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">二十几年前,我曾是个愤青。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>
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</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">那时,不仅对这世界愤愤不平,对于自己,更有极多的不满。不平的我,常常自责甚深,也不时自我批评。若说挣扎彷徨、天人交战,则几乎无日不有。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>
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</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后来,如此严厉的我,开始有了转变。我的生活态度逐渐宽松,生命也慢慢变得自在。这样的自在,说白了,是我对自己的接受度,提高了。我渐渐不容易憎恶自己,也不轻易否定自己。少了些自责,多了些自嘲。有时,看着自己的局限与不足,忍不住就摇摇头,然后,笑了起来。这当然不是所谓的欣赏自己,也不是阿</span><span lang="EN-US">Q</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">,更不是自我感觉良好。这只是静观自身,不落爱憎;就像看着别人一样,如实地、诚恳却宽松地,静静看着自己。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>
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</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从此,我渐渐有了些自知之明。从此,我日益明白了自己的有限性,但同时,却也开始发挥一己的有效性。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>
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</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">同样地,中国也有许多愤青。自</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">五四</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">之后,他们对自己的文化,极多不满。面对自家的传统,责备甚深,不时也严词批评。最后,他们甚至憎恶这个传统、否定这个传统。这般地反传统,从</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">五四</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">到</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">文革</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">,一回比一回激烈,浪头也一波比一波高。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>
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</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然而,在多年之后,这些激切的热血青年,除了让自己变得更加愤愤不平之外,并没有真正改善什么。事实上,全盘否定过去,就必然迷失未来;没了传统,再如何激切,再如何四方求索,也终究无路呀!</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>
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</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">眼前无路,想回头;许多人慢慢发现,若成日自责,若整天批判</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">民族劣根性</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">,毕竟不是个办法。穷则变,变则通;从此,有人回过身来,开始想虚心地、诚恳地重新面对自己的传统,结果,有了国学热。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>
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</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">国学热,当然是好事。世界史上,像近代中国如此自我否定、自我疏隔,又如此长久、如此彻底者,诚属罕见;这晌,确实也该幡然回首了。但是,正因否定太久、疏隔过甚,而今,真要重新面对,又岂会容易?疏隔了数十年,真要在旦夕间彻底弥补,又岂非妄想?</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>
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</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">于是,虽说人人竞言国学,虽说那热潮方兴未艾,然而,只见阅听者满怀赤忱、求知若渴,言说者却是五花八门、良莠不齐。这些</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">国学家</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">谈得如此天花乱坠,真看了、真听了,有人不免要心中疑问:这真的是国学吗?</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>
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</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">那真的是国学吗?</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>
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</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">令人疑惑的,首先是一群</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">国学表演家</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。这群人,名为</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">国学家</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">,实为表演者。他们的声势大、能量强,素来不为学术精英所喜,却广受普罗大众欢迎。我偶而观之,对他们长于表达、深谙营销,尤其言语生动、肢体丰富,在镁光灯前、聚光灯下的那种神采奕奕,都印象极深。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>
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</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在这传播挂帅、媒体至上的时代里,他们专擅表演,自然有助于独领风骚、蔚为潮流;也正因大家对传统的极度疏隔,使他们纵使词不达意、对原典也多有扭曲,仍丝毫不妨碍他们风靡于世。如此大受欢迎,又如此影响深远,遂招来非议,也引发不平之鸣。许多的学术精英引经据典,纷纷批评这班</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">国学表演家</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">不学无术,指出他们许多的</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">硬伤</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">;更严厉的,则直接挞伐这些表演者</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以紫乱朱</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">、</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">曲学阿世</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>
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</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这些不平之鸣,当然有理。但是,循此批评,我们回过头去,再关注这些学术精英,仔细看他们的书写、仔细听他们的言说,心头过上一过,就难免又顿生疑惑。按理说,这些精英学养深厚,又高居学院,在大学体系下,有资源、有声望,某种程度上,也掌控了诠释权,应该很容易让人信服才是;然而,真看他们谈国学,仍让人觉得不踏实,更无法心中受用。这不踏实,固然源于他们的言说方式,但从根柢说来,更是因为他们的学问体制。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>
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</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">众所周知,当今的大学,是源自于西方的学院体制。在这体制下,学者的言说方式,必然深受西方影响;不论是欧化的长句子,或是西方学术的术语,乃至于西洋人视为理所当然的抽象语言,这种种都和中国人固有的言说方式大相径庭。正因大相径庭,学院的这些宏论巨构,虽说煌煌其言、夸夸其谈,却和世俗之人多半无缘</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">他们把这种无缘自圆其说为</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">曲高和寡</span><span lang="EN-US">”)</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。寻常人等,震慑于学院之名,当然不好直接批评,也不敢心生厌恶,但是,他们多半冷淡以对,只能</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">敬而远之</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>
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</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事实上,中国的学问,只要用西式的学术语言表达,必然就是个异化。台、港两地的新儒家学派,虽曾烜赫一时,而今却荒愁彷徨、莫知所往,正因在此误入了歧途。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>
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</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">除了言说方式之外,学院更大的困境,来自于他们的学问体制。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>
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</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">学者总强调言必有据、论证清晰;其严密扎实、有条有理,乍看之下,也是件美事。而且,许多人慨叹经典难读,一经学者归纳整理之后,似乎,也都清楚明了了。然而,有心之人若细细一读,却不免怅然发觉:学者说得再明确、逻辑再完整,与经典本身,似乎总隔了一层。如此一隔,使读者虽可在概念上明白清楚,却无法在生命中实际受益。这一隔,其实是学者难以跨越的天堑。如此隔靴搔痒,使得学者在面对生活时,多半无能;面对生命,更经常无力。他们聚焦于客观分析,也长于抽象论证,但是,这与真实的生命,却简直无关。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>
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</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">正因如此,才会有多年前方东美的皈依之事。方东美是台大哲学系教授,地位之崇隆,乃创系以来第一人;他的华严宗哲学,尤其铺衍地令人目不暇给;谈起华严的</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事事无碍</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">,可真让人叹为观止。但是,这样的哲学</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">大师</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">,谈了一辈子的华严,临终前,真面对死生天堑,却顿感彻彻底底的无力。人之将死,又岂能自欺?于是,在许多弟子无以理解、也难以接受的情况下,他毅然皈依于没受过什么正规教育、也不善于讲经说法、总教人老实念佛的广钦和尚。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>
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</span><u><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">广钦和尚是个行者。他自在,他安然,他对生命中的每个起落</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span></u><u><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">包括生死</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span></u><u><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">,都有着极明晰的自知。他不客观分析,也不玩弄概念,更不驰骋于抽象世界。他活得具体,活得真实,断一切戏论,故能远离颠倒梦想。事实上,所谓</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span></u><u><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">国学</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span></u><u><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">,正是这种行者、这种安然自在者的生命学问。孔子、孟子、老子、庄子,抑或是六祖惠能,不论读书多寡,本质上,他们都是生命的行者。面对生命的种种状况,他们的通透与力道,才是让后人思之不尽、也受用无穷的真正关键;换句话说,这种通透与力道,才是国学的核心价值。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>
</span></u><span lang="EN-US"><br>
</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">中国的学问,都是体践之学。体验的深浅、实践之多寡,才是谈论国学的大根大本。除此之外,所谓逻辑论证、客观分析,多少都偏离了主题;至于寻章摘句、饾饤考据,则是无关宏旨。<b><u>行者谈国学,之所以有别于表演者、也迥异于学者,正因紧扣着国学</u></b></span><b><u><span lang="EN-US">“</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">体践</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">这个原点。行者是做多少,谈多少;做不到、也体会不着的,就绝不轻言。</span> </u></b><span lang="EN-US"><br>
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</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">正因如此,对于时下的那些</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">国学表演家</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">,行者不像学术精英般必视之如寇仇;依行者看来,</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">国学表演家</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">言说之浅薄、诠释之词不达意、或是变成了所谓</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">心灵鸡汤</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">,其实,虽说有弊,却不必嫉之过甚。行者真正关切的,是这批</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">国学表演家</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">实际的生命质地。这些表演者,因长于营销,故多暴得大名;名利双收之后,某些</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">国学表演家</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在镁光灯前、聚光灯下,依然大谈传统学问,但一转过身去,私底下,却又颐指气使、盛气凌人。谈的是儒释道三家的谦冲淡泊,实际则是趾高气扬、不可一世。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>
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</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">知与行如此悖反,才是</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">国学表演家</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的最大病灶;学问与人格这般的矛盾,也才是对国学的最大斲毁。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>
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</span><b><u><span style="font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">自国学热以来,表演者大行其道,学院学者也明显议论过剩;他们要不知行悖反,要不知行断裂;总之,都远离了</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">体践之学</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个原点。体践之学,是自我转化的学问,亦即孔子所说的</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">为己之学</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。而今,国学热虽然有所偏失,但当务之急,仍在于有心之人反求诸己,不自欺、不自瞒,如实地、诚恳地面对自己,静观自身,不落爱憎,慢慢地自我转化。如此一来,一个个通透朗然的行者,会让世人明白,什么才是真正的国学!</span>
</u></b><span lang="EN-US"><br>
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